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weight
A dramatic change in normal body weight, whether weight gain or loss, can lead to fertility problems in women (as well as men).
Body fat influences the body’s production of the hormone, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), which is essential for regular ovulation (egg release) in women. Specifically, GnRH activates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), both of which are essential for the development of the egg.
Studies have also indicated that abnormal weight can diminish the chances of fertilisation procedures succeeding.
underweight
Dramatic weight loss or illnesses such as anorexia nervosa can influence women’s fertility. Low body weight reduces the body’s production of GnRH causing ovulation to become irregular or even cease altogether. Reduced GnRH levels may also influence the ability of the womb lining to prepare to receive a fertilised egg. (Excessive exercise can also disrupt the hormonal balance, leading to reduced fertility.)
overweight
Being overweight can also lead to abnormal hormone changes, which influence ovulation. In particular it can trigger the overproduction of insulin, which may cause irregular ovulation. There is a connection between obesity, an overproduction of insulin and the fertility disorder known as PCO (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - PCOS). In addition, being overweight also means the risk of possible complications during pregnancy increases.
what to do
A healthy return to a normal body weight often reverses hormonal imbalances improving fertility. Even if you don’t achieve your target weight, some weight loss will help. Additionally, weight loss in overweight people increases the chances of a successful pregnancy. Alternatively, medication can be used to increase fertility. For underweight people, the use of medicines, such as GnRH analogues or gonadotropins can improve fertility. Overweight women could also possibly benefit from medicines such as gonadotropins or clomiphene. Specific medications are also sometimes prescribed that help burn off fatty tissue; but these are only used as part of an extensive weight loss programme. Weight management is, however, the best treatment of all as all medicines can cause side effects.
Standard body weight is also a healthy preparation for a pregnancy. Reaching your ideal weight should be undertaken prior to pregnancy, as dramatic changes during pregnancy are not advisable.
medication
You should always consult your fertility doctor before taking either prescribed or over-the-counter medication.
It is also recommended that you get any vaccinations you might need in the short-term prior to attempting to become pregnant in order to avoid having these during pregnancy, particularly during the first three months.
