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endometrial biopsy
A woman can ovulate, but in some cases, the lining of the uterus (womb) is not actually prepared to receive the embryo. During an endometrial biopsy, some tissue from the uterus lining (the endometrium) is removed and examined under a microscope. This biopsy provides information regarding the luteal phase of a woman (the part of her menstrual cycle between ovulation and menstruation). This examination though is no longer carried out much in relation to fertility examinations.
reason for the examination
An endometrial biopsy is usually carried out for reasons other than fertility problems, such as to discover the cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding after the menopause. However, in some cases a doctor may decide to perform an endometrial biopsy in order to assess whether or not the lining of the uterus reacts normally to the hormone progesterone. An endometrial biopsy can also clarify the nature of abnormal uterine bleeding, which is generally indicative of hormonal disorders.
the examination
The procedure normally takes place three to seven days prior to the expected menstrual period of a woman and is carried out in the doctor’s surgery. It is important to ascertain that the woman is not pregnant prior to undertaking an endometrial biopsy.
The procedure includes the introduction of a catheter (a flexible tube) through the cervix and into the uterus, allowing the doctor to then removes a piece of tissue from the endometrium. The procedure itself can cause a degree of pain or cramp. Some doctors advise you to take a painkiller before hand in order to limit your discomfort.
The tissue sample is then sent to a laboratory to assess the cell-types present. Hormonal therapy (progesterone or other medication) can sometimes help synchronise the days of the cycle and the uterus lining.
