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pain
Pain is a very subjective experience: what one woman experiences as pain another may only regard as slightly uncomfortable. Some forms of pain can be constantly present, but in other cases, pain might only occur when specific physical functions are performed. Pain cannot be defined in such a way that it relates to everyone. Nevertheless it is important that women report any pain to their doctor.
menstrual pain
In many women, menstrual cramps - period pains - are a part of the normal monthly cycle. The process of menstruation is triggered by a substance called prostaglandin released by the lining of the uterus (womb). This substance ensures that the uterus contracts in order to dispel its contents during menstruation and this in itself can cause pain. Painkillers such as ibuprofen or naproxen are anti-prostaglandins and can provide some relief from menstrual pain. Menstrual cramps of any intensity must be taken into consideration in a fertility evaluation. If the pain is so intense that your day-to-day activities suffer as a result, then a medical evaluation is advisable. It could point to endometriosis, which can have a negative effect upon fertility.
pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
Pain is, of course, defined subjectively. Pain as a symptom does not necessarily point to a problem, but every pain that impacts on the life of a woman is a concern. If, during intercourse, pain is experienced, this may indicate that there are vaginal problems (such as vaginal dryness or infections), sexual problems or relational problems. Dyspareunia can also indicate the presence of endometriosis or myoma.
Intercourse is not only important from the point of view of pregnancy, but also for maintaining a healthy sexual relationship. If intercourse presents problems, this in itself is an important reason to consult your doctor, and should also be reported when undergoing a fertility examination.
