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hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is used to examine the cavity or the lining of the uterus (womb). It can be used for diagnostic examination, or treatment of blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis or adhesions. Sometimes, examination and treatment occur at the same time. Hysteroscopy is applied to the treatment of uterine fibroids, scar tissue, polyps and congenital disorders such as a uterine partition.
how it works
This procedure occurs under either local or general anaesthesia. While diagnostic hysteroscopy can take place in the offices of your doctor, treatment is usually carried out in an operating theatre. The hysteroscope, an illuminated tube, is introduced into the uterus via the cervix. The procedure is normally carried out at the beginning of a woman’s menstrual cycle. Before the hysteroscope is introduced, the cervical canal is widened (dilated).
In addition to the hysteroscope, carbon dioxide or a fluid is also introduced into the uterus in order to enlarge the cavity and to remove blood and mucus that might be present.
During surgical (as opposed to diagnostic) hysteroscopy, a larger hysteroscope is employed so that surgical instruments can be introduced into the uterine cavity via the hysteroscope. After the operation, a Foley catheter (flexible tube) or spiral can be placed in the uterus to ensure that the walls do not stick together or form scar tissue. The catheter or spiral is removed after a few days.
risks
This procedure is not painful, but the following side effects can occur:
- Abdominal pain after the operations, sensitivity and bruising to the abdomen.
- Nausea or headaches as a result of the anaesthesia.
- Cramps and vaginal secretions can occur.
possible complications
Serious risks include
- Uterine perforation (0.76%)
- Pelvic infection
- Failure to uterine cavity
Frequent risks include
- Vaginal bleeding and discharge
- Pain: pelvic or shoulder
